Fernanda cisneros

Handling Editor: David Glover. Nuno M.

Background: In cancer cells, transcriptional gene silencing has been associated with genetic and epigenetic defects. The disruption of DNA methylation patterns and covalent histone marks has been associated with cancer development. In particular, miRb1 has been suggested to be an miRNA with tumor suppressor activity, and it has been shown to be deregulated in various human cancers. In the present study, we evaluated the DNA methylation at the CpG island proximal to the transcription start site of miRb1 in cancer cell lines as well as in normal tissues and gynecological tumor samples. In addition, we analyzed the association of CTCF and covalent histone modifications at the miRb1 locus. CTCF repressive histone marks abundance was evaluated by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays.

Fernanda cisneros

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Our understanding of the structure and function of mitotic chromosomes has come a long way since these iconic objects were first recognized more than years ago, though many details remain to be elucidated. In this chapter, we start with the early history of chromosome studies and then describe the path that led to our current understanding of the formation and structure of mitotic chromosomes. We also discuss some of the remaining questions. It is now well established that each mitotic chromatid consists of a central organizing region containing a so-called "chromosome scaffold" from which loops of DNA project radially. These proteins are concentrated along the axis of the chromatid. Condensins I and II are primarily responsible for shaping the chromosome and the scaffold, and they produce the loops of DNA by an ATP-dependent process known as loop extrusion. Modelling of Hi-C data suggests that condensin II adopts a spiral staircase arrangement with an extruded loop extending out from each step in a roughly helical pattern.

Fernanda cisneros

J Cell Sci 15 July ; 14 : jcs First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Journal of Cell Science, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Nuno conducted the research described in this article while a PhD student in William C. He is now a postdoc in the lab of Ting Wu at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA, where his research interests lie in the structural and dynamic chromatin regulation of the more mysterious regions of the cell nucleus, such as centromeres, repetitive elements and nucleoli. Fernanda conducted the research described in this article while a postdoc in William C. Earnshaw's lab. Earnshaw and is interested in developing human artificial chromosomes HACs by applying molecular and synthetic biology techniques to study chromosome segregation and epigenetics in human cells. Our work, which manipulated an artificial chromosome inserted in human cells so the cell's normal chromosomes could survive this process , showed that the centromere remains in place and still works, even when the mechanisms that regulate the jungle are picked apart. But the centromere becomes very unstable, and chromosomes are no longer getting properly separated: this interference can potentially lead to cancer. We found the jungle and the centromere could recover if we removed our manipulation, showing that the system can resist temporary shocks to these chromosome systems, perhaps from hazardous chemicals and some forms of radiation.

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Earnshaw; H3K9me3 maintenance on a human artificial chromosome is required for segregation but not centromere epigenetic memory. Hiroshi Kimura X. Received: 10 Dec Earnshaw Natalia Y. Advanced Search. All rights reserved. Wei-Hao Shang. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd. Application deadline: 19 April.

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CTCF repressive histone marks abundance was evaluated by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Elisa Pesenti Paradoxically, heterochromatin can also antagonize de novo centromere formation, and some centromeres lack it altogether. This caused no short-term defects, but long-term tethering reduced HAC centromere protein levels and triggered HAC mis-segregation. View Metrics. Background: In cancer cells, transcriptional gene silencing has been associated with genetic and epigenetic defects. Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 17J Tetsuya Hori. Grants Journal Meetings Workshops. Hiroshi Masumoto , Hiroshi Masumoto. In addition, we analyzed the association of CTCF and covalent histone modifications at the miRb1 locus. Final registration deadline: 3 May