Glove and stocking pattern

The peripheral nerves consist of bundles of long neuronal axons as they exit the central nervous system CNS. Some peripheral nerves are wrapped in a myelin sheath generated by Schwann cells, whereas others are unmyelinated. Peripheral nerves serve different motor, sensory, and autonomic functions, glove and stocking pattern.

Stocking glove neuropathy refers to symptoms of peripheral neuropathy that cause numbness, weakness, or sensory changes in the hands and feet. It has a number of potential causes, including diabetes. Peripheral neuropathy is nerve damage to the peripheral nerves. These nerves send signals throughout the body and to the brain and spinal cord , also known as the central nervous system. Some types of peripheral neuropathy start in the hands and feet.

Glove and stocking pattern

Many patients presenting themselves with complaints of numbness or weakness will eventually be shown to have a disorder of the peripheral nervous system. Although the differential diagnosis is large in these disorders, the combination of a directed neurologic history exam along with relatively simple ancillary testing will quickly narrow the differential diagnosis. As many of these disorders are treatable or curable, prompt recognition, especially early in the clinical course, is important. Peripheral neuropathies a. Many disease processes may preferentially attack either the axon or the myelin sheath of the peripheral nerve. As a rule, axonal peripheral neuropathies affect the longest axons first. These are the so called "dying back" neuropathies. Transport of proteins and nutrients from the cell body is affected early, with subsequent breakdown and loss of the most distal peripheral nerve fibers. Patients develop numbness or weakness of the toes and feet initially which then slowly progresses up the leg. When the process reaches the upper calf, the finger tips become involved as well i. This results in the classic "stocking-glove" distribution of symptoms and signs.

What are the benefits of a foot massage for diabetic neuropathy? In the Western world, diabetes is the biggest cause of peripheral neuropathy, usually distal symmetric polyneuropathy but some times another polyneuropathy or a focal neuropathy. All Rights Reserved.

In the Western world, diabetes is the biggest cause of peripheral neuropathy, usually distal symmetric polyneuropathy but some times another polyneuropathy or a focal neuropathy. In addition, hypothyroidism and acromegaly can cause carpal tunnel syndrome and other sensory complaints. A complete blood cell count, nerve-conduction tests, thyroid-function tests needed in all patients with carpal tunnel syndrome , and when necessary, needle electromyography can help confirm the diagnosis. Treatment of underlying disease is the most successful management approach: Tight glucose control in diabetic patients, thyroid hormone replacement therapy in patients with hypothyroidism, and removal of the pituitary adenoma in patients with acromegaly are of proven benefit. Significant symptomatic relief of dysesthesias can be obtained with use of capsaicin cream, tricyclic antidepresants, anticonvulsant agents, or an antiarrhythmic drug. Abstract In the Western world, diabetes is the biggest cause of peripheral neuropathy, usually distal symmetric polyneuropathy but some times another polyneuropathy or a focal neuropathy. Publication types Review.

Peripheral neuropathy is one of the most common neurologic problems encountered by family physicians. It is important to differentiate peripheral neuropathy from other disorders with similar presentations and to identify and address potential causes. The pathophysiology of peripheral neuropathy results from injury to small- or large-diameter nerve fibers. Damage can occur to the cell body, axon, myelin sheath, or a combination of these, leading to symptoms such as numbness, tingling, pain, and weakness. Small nerve fibers mediate pain, temperature, and autonomic functions. A systematic approach should be used to evaluate and manage patients with symptoms of peripheral neuropathy Figure 1.

Glove and stocking pattern

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Learn more here. Symptoms and Signs. Human Biology. Some causes of peripheral neuropathy are characterized by mononeuropathy, some involve multiple nerves, and others have autonomic dysfunction or pain prominence Table 2. Medically reviewed by Alana Biggers, M. When nerve is diseased, it can react in a limited number of ways. Contact Us. Peripheral nerve may be viewed as supplying motor , sensory , as well as autonomic function. In disorders that cause acute peripheral neuropathy, such as those produced by toxic exposures, patients may present with similar but more fulminant symptoms, and pain predominates; symptoms also typically have a faster progression. Regarding fiber type involvement, most peripheral neuropathies are motor and sensory.

Half of people who have diabetes eventually develop diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and the warning signs are sensory symptoms that start in the distant periphery and progressing in a characteristic 'glove and stocking' way. People who have diabetes fear diabetic peripheral neuropathy DPN , as it is common and the chance of developing this painful condition increases as disease duration increases.

The most common treatable causes are diabetes, hypothyroidism, and nutritional deficiencies. Topics Acute Care. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke notes that symptoms may develop over time, from days to weeks or even years. Consequences of neuropathic pain: quality-of-life issues and associated costs. In disorders that cause acute peripheral neuropathy, such as those produced by toxic exposures, patients may present with similar but more fulminant symptoms, and pain predominates; symptoms also typically have a faster progression. When all investigations fail to identify a cause and electrodiagnostic studies show axonal-type symmetric peripheral neuropathy, idiopathic peripheral neuropathy is the presumptive diagnosis. Tips for helping prevent diabetic neuropathy include :. This leads to the stocking glove pattern note - the legs are always affected more than the arms. Regarding fiber type involvement, most peripheral neuropathies are motor and sensory. Mouthwash that contains chlorhexidine gluconate was especially effective at improving hyperglycemic status in younger patients with diabetes. Signs and Symptoms of Peripheral Nerve Disease. Peripheral neuropathy is rarely fatal. Half of people who have diabetes eventually develop diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and the warning signs are sensory symptoms that start in the distant periphery and progressing in a characteristic 'glove and stocking' way.