Ian turing

Alan Turing visited the United States during and This article describes how two of Ian turing greatest accomplishments, in logic and computer design, were influenced by the first of his two visits to the U. Figure 1, ian turing. The British mathematician Alan Turing has perhaps achieved greater fame today than during his lifetime.

Alan Turing, born June 23, and died June 7, , was a British mathematician and logician who made major contributions to mathematics, cryptanalysis, logic, philosophy, and mathematical biology. He also made major contributions to areas later named computer science, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, and artificial life. He developed a machine to help break the code in and at the end of the war, he was made an Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire OBE for his code-breaking work. After the war, he was instrumental in helping create the first automatic computing engine and he was a founding father of artificial intelligence. He was a leading exponent in the hypothesis that the human brain is in large part a digital computing machine, theorizing that the cortex was an unorganized machine at birth and with training, it becomes organized as if it were a machine. The Turing Test, which Turing proposed in , was the leading criterion for whether an artificial computer is thinking on it's own. However, his life took a turn in , when, despite being elected a fellow in the Royal Society in London, he was convicted in March of "gross indecency" - another term for homosexuality, which Britain deemed a crime at the time - and sentenced to 12 months of hormone "therapy.

Ian turing

He graduated from King's College, Cambridge , with a degree in mathematics. Whilst he was a fellow at Cambridge, he published a proof demonstrating that some purely mathematical yes—no questions can never be answered by computation. He defined a Turing machine and proved that the halting problem for Turing machines is undecidable. For a time he led Hut 8 , the section that was responsible for German naval cryptanalysis. Here, he devised a number of techniques for speeding the breaking of German ciphers , including improvements to the pre-war Polish bomba method, an electromechanical machine that could find settings for the Enigma machine. Turing played a crucial role in cracking intercepted coded messages that enabled the Allies to defeat the Axis powers in many crucial engagements, including the Battle of the Atlantic. After the war, Turing worked at the National Physical Laboratory , where he designed the Automatic Computing Engine , one of the first designs for a stored-program computer. In , Turing joined Max Newman 's Computing Machine Laboratory at the Victoria University of Manchester , where he helped develop the Manchester computers [12] and became interested in mathematical biology. He wrote a paper on the chemical basis of morphogenesis [13] [1] and predicted oscillating chemical reactions such as the Belousov—Zhabotinsky reaction , first observed in the s. Despite these accomplishments, Turing was never fully recognised in Britain during his lifetime because much of his work was covered by the Official Secrets Act.

Ian turing post mortem was held that evening which determined that he had died the previous day at the age of 41 with Cyanide poisoning cited as the cause of death.

He left an extensive legacy in mathematics, science, society and popular culture. Turing was appointed an officer of the Order of the British Empire A biography published by the Royal Society shortly after Turing's death, [3] while his wartime work was still subject to the Official Secrets Act , recorded:. Three remarkable papers written just before the war, on three diverse mathematical subjects, show the quality of the work that might have been produced if he had settled down to work on some big problem at that critical time. Since , the Turing Award has been given annually by the Association for Computing Machinery for technical or theoretical contributions to the computing community. It is widely considered to be the computing world's highest honour, equivalent to the Nobel Prize. On 23 June , on what would have been Turing's 86th birthday, his biographer, Andrew Hodges , unveiled an official English Heritage blue plaque at his birthplace in Warrington Crescent , London, later the Colonnade Hotel.

Alan Turing's short and extraordinary life has attracted wide interest. It has inspired his mother's memoir E. Turing , a detailed biography Hodges , a play and television film Whitemore , and various other works of fiction and art. There are many reasons for this interest, but one is that in every sphere of his life and work he made unexpected connections between apparently unrelated areas. His central contribution to science and philosophy came through his treating the subject of symbolic logic as a new branch of applied mathematics, giving it a physical and engineering content. Unwilling or unable to remain within any standard role or department of thought, Alan Turing continued a life full of incongruity. Though a shy, boyish, man, he had a pivotal role in world history through his role in Second World War cryptology. Though the founder of the dominant technology of the twentieth century, he variously impressed, charmed or disturbed people with his unworldly innocence and his dislike of moral or intellectual compromise. His scepticism, and disrespect for worldly values, were never tamed and became ever more confidently eccentric.

Ian turing

Courtesy of the Turing Digital Archive. Alan Mathison Turing — was one of England's foremost mathematicians and computer scientists. Because of his work in artificial intelligence and codebreaking, along with his groundbreaking Enigma machine, he is credited with ending World War II.

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Campbell-Kelly, Martin ed. Main article: Action This Day memo. Alan Turing, born June 23, and died June 7, , was a British mathematician and logician who made major contributions to mathematics, cryptanalysis, logic, philosophy, and mathematical biology. Retrieved 21 October Campbell-Kelly, Martin ; Aspray, William Subjects: General Help. Turing's father's civil service commission was still active during Turing's childhood years, and his parents travelled between Hastings in the United Kingdom [25] and India, leaving their two sons to stay with a retired Army couple. Their test of commutators can hardly be considered conclusive as they were not testing for the bounce with electronic stop finding devices. The bombe, with an enhancement suggested by mathematician Gordon Welchman , became one of the primary tools, and the major automated one, used to attack Enigma-enciphered messages. Archived from the original on 23 June Retrieved 20 April Instead of having it mended he would count the number of times the pedals went round and would get off the bicycle in time to adjust the chain by hand. Hansard — UK Parliament. Alan Turing: The Enigma.

Alan Turing was a British scientist and a pioneer in computer science.

Computer Power and Human Reason. Then he thought it would be a good idea to go to the Pleasure Beach at Blackpool. The concept can be traced back to the s, in fact, when the great cofounder of calculus, Gottfried Leibniz, built the so-called Leibniz wheel that could perform all four arithmetic operations. Archived from the original on 5 July A BBC series , as voted by the audience, named him the greatest person of the 20th century. Download as PDF Printable version. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 29 July In mid-May , shortly before his death, Turing again decided to consult a fortune-teller during a day-trip to St Annes-on-Sea with the Greenbaum family. Colossus: Bletchley Park's Greatest Secret.