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Although cerebellar involvement across a wide range of cognitive and neuropsychiatric phenotypes is increasingly being recognized, previous large-scale studies in schizophrenia SZ have primarily focused on supratentorial structures. Hence, the across-sample reproducibility, regional distribution, associations with cerebrocortical morphology and effect sizes of cerebellar relative to cerebral morphological differences in SZ are unknown. We addressed these questions in patients with SZ spectrum disorders and healthy controls HCs from 14 international samples, using state-of-the-art image analysis pipelines optimized for both the cerebellum and the cerebrum. Effect sizes for cerebellar volumes were similar to the most consistently reported cerebral structural changes in SZ e. Within groups, we further observed positive correlations between cerebellar volume and cerebral cortical thickness in frontotemporal regions i. This cerebellocerebral structural covariance was strongest in SZ, suggesting common underlying disease processes jointly affecting the cerebellum and the cerebrum.

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The past 25 years have seen the functional domain of the cerebellum extend beyond the realm of motor control, with considerable discussion of how this subcortical structure contributes to cognitive domains including attention, memory, and language. Drawing on evidence from neuroanatomy, physiology, neuropsychology, and computational work, sophisticated models have been developed to describe cerebellar function in sensorimotor control and learning. In contrast, mechanistic accounts of how the cerebellum contributes to cognition have remained elusive. Inspired by the homogeneous cerebellar microanatomy and a desire for parsimony, many researchers have sought to extend mechanistic ideas from motor control to cognition. One influential hypothesis centers on the idea that the cerebellum implements internal models, representations of the context-specific dynamics of an agent's interactions with the environment, enabling predictive control. We briefly review cerebellar anatomy and physiology, to review the internal model hypothesis as applied in the motor domain, before turning to extensions of these ideas in the linguistic domain, focusing on speech perception and semantic processing. While recent findings are consistent with this computational generalization, they also raise challenging questions regarding the nature of cerebellar learning, and may thus inspire revisions of our views on the role of the cerebellum in sensorimotor control. Keywords: cerebellum; cognition; computational mechanisms; internal models; language; motor control. Abstract The past 25 years have seen the functional domain of the cerebellum extend beyond the realm of motor control, with considerable discussion of how this subcortical structure contributes to cognitive domains including attention, memory, and language. Gov't Research Support, N.

Keywords: moberget cognition; computational mechanisms; internal models; language; motor control, moberget. Taken together, these novel findings establish the cerebellum as a key node in the distributed brain networks underlying SZ.

The functional domain of the human cerebellum has expanded beyond motor control to also include cognitive and affective functions. In line with this notion, cerebellar volume has increased over recent primate evolution and cerebellar alterations have been linked to heritable mental disorders. We also observed genetic overlap between cerebellar morphology and major mental disorders, supporting cerebellar involvement in psychopathology. The terms of this arrangement have been reviewed and approved by UCSD in accordance with its competing interest policies. Other authors report no competing interests. The funding bodies had no role in the analysis or interpretation of the data; the preparation, review or approval of the manuscript; nor in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.

Long-term potentiation LTP is one of the most extensively studied forms of neuroplasticity and is considered the strongest candidate mechanism for memory and learning. The use of event-related potentials and sensory stimulation paradigms has allowed for the translation from animal studies to non-invasive studies of LTP-like synaptic plasticity in humans. Accumulating evidence suggests that synaptic plasticity as measured by stimulus-specific response modulation is reduced in neuropsychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder MDD , bipolar disorders and schizophrenia, suggesting that impaired synaptic plasticity plays a part in the underlying pathophysiology of these disorders. This is in line with the neuroplasticity hypothesis of depression, which postulate that deficits in neuroplasticity might be a common pathway underlying depressive disorders. Further, this study explores whether impairments in LTP-like synaptic plasticity is associated with self-reported subclinical depressive symptoms and stress in a healthy population. Consistent with prior research, the current study replicated and confirmed reports demonstrating significant modulation of visual evoked potentials VEP following visual high-frequency stimulation. Current results further indicate that reduced LTP-like synaptic plasticity is associated with higher levels of self-reported symptoms of depression and perceived stress. This indicate that LTP-like plasticity is sensitive to sub-clinical levels of psychological distress, and might represent a vulnerability marker for the development of depressive symptoms.

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Thank you for visiting nature. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. Although cerebellar involvement across a wide range of cognitive and neuropsychiatric phenotypes is increasingly being recognized, previous large-scale studies in schizophrenia SZ have primarily focused on supratentorial structures. Hence, the across-sample reproducibility, regional distribution, associations with cerebrocortical morphology and effect sizes of cerebellar relative to cerebral morphological differences in SZ are unknown. We addressed these questions in patients with SZ spectrum disorders and healthy controls HCs from 14 international samples, using state-of-the-art image analysis pipelines optimized for both the cerebellum and the cerebrum. Effect sizes for cerebellar volumes were similar to the most consistently reported cerebral structural changes in SZ e.

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Importance: Between-individual variability in brain structure is determined by gene-environment interactions, possibly reflecting differential sensitivity to environmental and genetic perturbations. Magnetic resonance imaging MRI studies have revealed thinner cortices and smaller subcortical volumes in patients with schizophrenia.

Abstract The functional domain of the human cerebellum has expanded beyond motor control to also include cognitive and affective functions. Dentistry and Oral Medicine Nye artikler relatert til denne forfatterens forskning. Stein Andersson Dept. This cerebellocerebral structural covariance was strongest in SZ, suggesting common underlying disease processes jointly affecting the cerebellum and the cerebrum. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging 4 9 , , I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance. Cerebellum psychiatry. We also observed genetic overlap between cerebellar morphology and major mental disorders, supporting cerebellar involvement in psychopathology. In line with this notion, cerebellar volume has increased over recent primate evolution and cerebellar alterations have been linked to heritable mental disorders.