Nursing care plan for polycythemia

Background: Polycythemia vera PV is a chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm, which is a threat to life.

Polycythemia is a chronic disorder characterized by excessive production of red blood cells RBCs , platelets, and myelocytes. As these increase, blood volume, blood viscosity, and hemoglobin Hb concentration increase, causing excessive workload for the heart and congestion of some organs e. Secondary polycythemia results from an abnormal increase in erythropoietin production e. Polycythemia vera is a primary disorder arising from a chromosomal mutation a single recurrent JAK2 mutation most often affecting men of Jewish descent, with onset in late midlife. Polycythemia vera results in increased RBC mass, leukocytosis, and slight thrombocytosis.

Nursing care plan for polycythemia

Nursing Diagnoses associated with CBC results. Until the mid's, neutropenic patients were placed in reverse isolation. Newer protocols recommended by the Centers of Disease Control CDC emphasize strict handwashing as the most significant means of protecting a neutropenic patient from infection. Exposure to people with upper respiratory infections or other infectious diseases should be eliminated. It is important for the patient to have excellent personal hygiene and the patient's environment must be controlled to eliminate potential bacterial sources of infection. Potential sources of infection include stagnant water and diets that contain fresh fruit or raw vegetables. Any procedure that might cause a break in the skin, such as intravenous or intramuscular injections, medications given by suppository, rectal temperatures or enemas, increase the risk of infection in a neutropenic patient. Instant Feedback:. Visit this link for Dr. It is important to maintain adequate hydration. Keeping a patient with a high RBC count dehydrated, such as being NPO for an extended time, may increase risk of venous thrombosis formation. The nurse should consult the physician regarding how much fluid to give patients with chronic lung disease or children with congenital heart defects, as these individuals often have congestive heart failure and are at risk when they are overhydrated.

Instruct patient to request analgesic before pain becomes too intense. This overproduction of cells, namely red blood cells, can result in thrombosis.

If your doctor suspects that you have polycythemia vera, he or she might recommend collecting a sample of your bone marrow through a bone marrow aspiration or biopsy. A bone marrow biopsy involves taking a sample of solid bone marrow material. A bone marrow aspiration is usually done at the same time. During an aspiration, your doctor withdraws a sample of the liquid portion of your marrow. In a bone marrow aspiration, a health care provider uses a thin needle to remove a small amount of liquid bone marrow, usually from a spot in the back of your hipbone pelvis.

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Nursing care plan for polycythemia

Patients with Polycythemia vera may experience difficult-to-manage symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, vision disturbances, and fatigue. For these reasons, healthcare professionals must understand polycythemia vera management and how they can help provide quality care to those affected by this life-long condition. Polycythemia vera is a chronic and progressive blood disorder characterized by increased red blood cell production. This rare disease carries an increased risk of stroke and heart attack due to the thickening of the red blood cells resulting from this condition. A malignant DNA mutation in a single bone marrow cell causes polycythemia vera. While some may experience elevated levels of all three components, others may only have increased RBCs. Polycythemia vera PV is a disorder in which the body produces too many red blood cells. This overproduction can lead to thrombosis and, in some cases, Hemorrhage. Platelets are also produced in abundance by those with PV; however, they are often not developed enough to aid standard clotting mechanisms. PV often goes unnoticed until a routine blood test reveals abnormal results.

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Decreased neutrophil count. Ferri FF. Prognosis and treatment of polycythemia vera. The patient with a low hematocrit needs increased amounts of protein and iron to help the bone marrow produce additional red blood cells. Polycythemia vera occurs due to a malignant change in the DNA of a single cell in the bone marrow. References: Accurso, V. Accept Deny View preferences Save preferences View preferences. Splenomegaly puts the patient at risk for infection and splenic rupture. As for complications, there are many. Self care. Ferrari A, et al. Your doctor will also likely prescribe medications to control risk factors for heart and blood vessel disease, including high blood pressure, diabetes and abnormal cholesterol. Lukewarm baths and routine use of skin moisturizer can reduce the severity of pruritis. Decreased platelet count High risk for injury related to increased potential for bleeding Teaching patients how to decrease their risk for bleeding is a critical nursing function.

Polycythemia is a chronic disorder characterized by excessive production of red blood cells RBCs , platelets, and myelocytes.

After blood loss, plasma volume is usually replaced within several hours. Treatments are aimed at reducing the risk for thrombosis and managing symptoms. Use of a pain intensity scale allows more accurate documentation of discomfort and subsequent relief obtained after analgesia has been administered. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Additionally, the hyperviscous blood that is present puts the patient at risk for impaired blood flow and blood clot formation. Polycythemia vera is usually seen in adult males older than 60 years, but can occur at any age. Only gold members can continue reading. Supplier Information. Bone marrow exam. Medical Professionals. The nurse should consult the physician regarding how much fluid to give patients with chronic lung disease or children with congenital heart defects, as these individuals often have congestive heart failure and are at risk when they are overhydrated.