Pyroptosis

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Metrics details. A Correction to this article was published on 22 September A Correction to this article was published on 01 July Unraveling the mystery of cell death is one of the most fundamental progresses of life sciences during the past decades. Regulated cell death RCD or programmed cell death PCD is not only essential in embryonic development, but also plays an important role in the occurrence and progression of diseases, especially cancers.

Pyroptosis

The official blog of Cell Signaling Technology CST where we discuss what to expect from your time at the bench, share tips, tricks, and information. Under the category of necrotic cell death, there are many well-characterized, as well as some newly described, processes of cellular destruction. Contrary to classical thinking, necrotic cell death is not always physical and accidental in nature. Cells may trigger specific programmed self-destruct pathways when they are under stress and other methods of cell death are not feasible. Pyroptosis is a type of programmed necrotic cell death that is activated upon intracellular infections from bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa in the presence of pathogen-associated molecular patterns PAMPs or cell-derived damage-associated molecular patterns DAMPs. It is typically induced in cells of the innate immune system, such as monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Pyroptosis is often the primary mode of cell death that may be triggered upon pathogenic infection, and it is thought that other types of cell death, like necroptosis, occur as a secondary process when caspase enzymes are not available. Cells that undergo pyroptosis display morphological characteristics such as cell swelling, membrane blebbing, DNA fragmentation, and eventual cell lysis. However, the nucleus often remains intact, which differs from the nuclear destruction that can be observed during apoptosis and necroptosis. However, other assays are required to differentiate between pyroptosis, other types of necrosis, and apoptosis. Pyroptosis is mainly characterized by the N-terminal cleavage of gasdermin D GSDMD , which results in its oligomerization to form a lytic pore in the plasma membrane. This cleavage process relies on the activity of inflammatory caspases 1 , 4 , 5 , and 11 , which are different from the caspases that are active during apoptosis. Thus, monitoring cleavage of GSDMD and its related family members, as well these inflammatory caspases, is key to studying pyroptosis. The canonical pathway of pyroptosis is often described as occurring through a two-step process.

Roberts, T. Microbiol 16— Kusumaningrum, N.

Currently, pyroptosis has received more and more attention because of its association with innate immunity and disease. The research scope of pyroptosis has expanded with the discovery of the gasdermin family. A great deal of evidence shows that pyroptosis can affect the development of tumors. The relationship between pyroptosis and tumors is diverse in different tissues and genetic backgrounds. In this review, we provide basic knowledge of pyroptosis, explain the relationship between pyroptosis and tumors, and focus on the significance of pyroptosis in tumor treatment. In addition, we further summarize the possibility of pyroptosis as a potential tumor treatment strategy and describe the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy caused by pyroptosis.

Thank you for visiting nature. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. Diane L. The inflammasome is a macromolecular structure responsible for sensing injury and eliciting a cascade of inflammatory responses. Activation of inflammasome sensor NLRP3 recruits the adaptor apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain ASC and the effector caspase-1, triggering severe tissue damage directly by promoting pyroptosis and indirectly by IL secretion 2 , 3. NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to the pathophysiology of numerous inflammatory diseases 4.

Pyroptosis

Background: Unraveling the mystery of cell death is one of the most fundamental progresses of life sciences during the past decades. Regulated cell death RCD or programmed cell death PCD is not only essential in embryonic development, but also plays an important role in the occurrence and progression of diseases, especially cancers. Escaping of cell death is one of hallmarks of cancer. Gasdermin family proteins are the executors of pyroptosis. Pyroptosis exerts tumor suppression function and evokes anti-tumor immune responses. Therapeutic regimens, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy and immune therapy, induce pyroptosis in cancer, which potentiate local and systemic anti-tumor immunity. On the other hand, pyroptosis of normal cells attributes to side effects of anti-cancer therapies.

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Immunotargets Ther. An, Q. Blood , — Immunity 32 , — Conclusion and future perspectives Anti-tumor immunity not only prevents tumorigenesis, but also is prerequisite for the success of cancer immunotherapy. J Hepatol. The timeline of pyroptosis. The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy. Pierini, R. J Immunother Cancer. Gsdma3 mutation causes bulge stem cell depletion and alopecia mediated by skin inflammation. Tumor Biol. Tan, Y.

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Taabazuing, C. Caspasedependent pore formation during pyroptosis leads to osmotic lysis of infected host macrophages. Tu, S. Molecular cloning of the interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme. It is expected that basic research on pyroptosis and tumors will continue to improve and translate to clinical practice. Safety, activity, and immune correlates of anti-PD-1 antibody in cancer. Emran, A. Radiofrequency thermal ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma stimulates autologous NK-cell response. This forms a positive feedback loop, which means that a small number of cancer cells undergoing pyroptosis can trigger a tumor immune response and expand the death response. Bauer, C. Rerucha, C. Recent advances in inflammasome biology. A membrane vesicle of less than 0. This result may have a certain reference value in the treatment of obese cancer patients. Miguchi, M.