Strap muscles thyroid

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The infrahyoid muscles or strap muscles are a group of four paired muscles in the anterior neck below the hyoid bone , within the muscular triangle. They are responsible for depressing the hyoid during swallowing. These muscles can be remembered by the mnemonic "TOSS". The strap muscles are ensheathed by the middle layer of the deep cervical fascia , thereby forming one of the deep fascial compartments of the neck , although it is not commonly recognized as such 4. Each muscle is supplied by different nerves from the ansa cervicalis. Sternohyoid receives supply from branches of the superior thyroid artery. Thyrohyoid, omohyoid and sternothyroid receive supply from branches of the superior thyroid and lingual arteries 5.

Strap muscles thyroid

The infrahyoid muscles are a group of four muscles that are located inferiorly to the hyoid bone in the neck. They can be divided into two groups:. The arterial supply to the infrahyoid muscles is via the superior and inferior thyroid arteries , with venous drainage via the corresponding veins. In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the infrahyoid muscles — their attachments, actions and innervations. The omohyoid is comprised of two muscle bellies, which are connected by a muscular tendon. The sternohyoid muscle is located in the superficial plane of the neck, along with the omohyoid muscle. The sternothyroid muscle is a wide muscle, located underneath the sternohyoid in the deep plane of the neck. The thyrohyoid is a short band of muscle, thought to be a continuation of the sternothyroid muscle. In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the infrahyoid muscles - their attachments, actions and innervations. Once you've finished editing, click 'Submit for Review', and your changes will be reviewed by our team before publishing on the site. We use cookies to improve your experience on our site and to show you relevant advertising.

Therefore, adequate exposure of the surgical field and meticulous dissection are essential for a successful thyroid surgery.

Wide and adequate exposure of the surgical field is essential for successful thyroid surgery. The most common procedure for conventional open thyroidectomy is the midline approach, in which the strap muscles are divided along the linea alba and separated from the thyroid gland. An insufficient surgical field exposure not only increases operation time and blood loss, it also increases the risk of injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve RLN and parathyroid gland PG due to poor visibility during surgical dissection 1. The aim of this study was to evaluate the U-shaped strap muscle flap USMF approach that provides excellent exposure of the surgical field. Postoperative objective voice analysis and subjective assessment of voice and swallowing were also performed to evaluate USMF outcomes, including voice and swallowing function. The USMF was performed as follows. After elevation of the skin flap, the strap muscles were cut at a lower margin close to the clavicle and then cut along the anterior margin of both sternocleidomastoid muscles.

Skip to main content. Make a Donation. Local management practices, referral patterns, patient factors, and the reliability of cytologic evaluation combine to influence the treatment course adopted in many patients. The following is a compilation of indications for thyroidectomy or lobectomy used at this institution. It should be recognized that these indications may be modified based on the presumed pathology of the lesion and factors specific to the individual case. Consideration of all the factors influencing the decision to operate and which operation to do would be beyond the scope of this protocol outline see Thyroid Cancer Evaluation and Management protocol. Diagnosis of malignant tumor of the thyroid by FNA or prior biopsy Vocal cord paralysis with an associated thyroid mass Palpable fixation of a thyroid mass to surrounding tissues Diagnosis of "follicular neoplasm" of the thyroid by FNA Diagnosis of "atypia of undetermined significance" a relative indication for surgery as of Roman et. The decision to perform thyroid surgery in this setting depends on the clinical situation under which the metastatic disease was found. If the metastatic disease was encountered in a palpable node in the absence of other head and neck cancer, thyroid surgery is indicated. When well-differentiated thyroid cancer is seen pathologically in a neck dissection specimen that also contains metastatic squamous cell cancer and there is no evidence of a thyroid mass, thyroidectomy is unlikely to alter the clinical course of the patient if radiation therapy is administered to the neck postoperatively.

Strap muscles thyroid

The overall prognosis of papillary thyroid cancer is excellent and, for most patients, the concern is for cancer recurrence as opposed to death from cancer. However, if the extension is not visible to the surgeon at the time of surgery and only seen under the microscope, the outcomes are not changed significantly. Additionally, there are few studies looking at isolated visible invasion into the neck muscles laying over the outer edges of the thyroid in the front of the neck the strap muscles. This study examined patients with these types of cancers to see if outcomes were worse than those cancers without invasion into the strap muscles. Epub Dec PMID:

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Table 3 compares preoperative and 2-month postoperative voice and swallowing outcomes. The staging of major adjacent structures extension i. After immediate drainage to these periglandular lymph nodes, further lymphatic drainage continues to the mediastinal nodes. Allen E, Fingeret A. The omohyoid, sternohyoid, and thyrohyoid act to depress the hyoid bone. The reported effects of partial or complete resection of strap muscles on voice and swallowing performance widely vary. First, the retrospective nature of this study may have caused an inherent bias. Attachments : Originates from the sternum and sternoclavicular joint. Lee et al. R package version 2. Attachments: Arises from the manubrium of the sternum and attaches to the thyroid cartilage. The VIS and SIS scores ranged from 1 no impairment of voice or swallowing to 5 severe impairment of voice or swallowing. An anatomical study of the arterial and nerve supply of the infrahyoid muscles. Prognostic significance of gross extrathyroidal extension invading only strap muscles in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Close Please Note: You can also scroll through stacks with your mouse wheel or the keyboard arrow keys.

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Non-necessary Non-necessary. The thyrohyoid muscle also receives nerve supply by the superior ansa cervicalis going alongside the hypoglossal nerve. Reference article, Radiopaedia. Orange color indicates patients with strap muscle invasion T3bN any M0 who were restaged according to tumor size. The staging of major adjacent structures extension i. Objective voice analysis at 2 months post-surgery showed significantly lower Fmax and PR in both groups. These muscles and other important muscles of note in the thyroid region are:. Characteristics and significance of minimal and maximal extrathyroidal extension in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Therefore, the impact of strap muscle invasion alone, both minimal and gross, on the survival of thyroid cancer patients needs to be elucidated to accurately allocate patients into appropriate staging groups according to individual risk, which will ensure longer disease-free survival and prevent overtreatment. Further studies are needed to investigate long-term changes in voice and swallowing function after strap muscle transection.